VB6 中使用 WINSOCK API 实现同步非阻塞方式接收 UDP 数据的步骤如下:
1. 创建一个 UDP 套接字,使用函数 `socket()`:
```
Dim sock As Long
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
```
2. 绑定套接字到本地 IP 和端口号,使用函数 `bind()`:
```
Dim localAddr As sockaddr_in
localAddr.sin_family = AF_INET
localAddr.sin_addr.S_addr = INADDR_ANY
localAddr.sin_port = htons(port)
bind(sock, localAddr, Len(localAddr))
```
其中 `port` 是本地使用的端口号。
3. 设置套接字为非阻塞模式,使用函数 `ioctlsocket()`:
```
Dim nonBlockingMode As Long
nonBlockingMode = 1
ioctlsocket(sock, FIONBIO, nonBlockingMode)
```
4. 接收 UDP 数据,使用函数 `recvfrom()`:
```
Const MAX_BUF_LEN = 1024
Dim buf(MAX_BUF_LEN) As Byte
Dim bytesReceived As Long
Dim fromAddr As sockaddr_in
bytesReceived = recvfrom(sock, buf(0), MAX_BUF_LEN, 0, fromAddr, Len(fromAddr))
```
其中 `buf` 是接收数据的缓存区,`bytesReceived` 是实际接收到的字节数,`fromAddr` 是发送方的地址信息。
5. 检查是否有接收到数据,如果没有则等待一段时间后重新接收,使用函数 `select()`:
```
Dim timeout As timeval
timeout.tv_sec = 1
timeout.tv_usec = 0
Dim readable As Long
Dim selectResult As Long
Do
Dim readSet As FD_SET
FD_ZERO (readSet)
FD_SET(sock, readSet)
selectResult = select(sock + 1, readSet, Nothing, Nothing, timeout)
If selectResult = SOCKET_ERROR Then
' 出现错误
Exit Do
ElseIf selectResult = 0 Then
' 超时
Continue Do
Else
' 有数据可以读取
readable = 1
Exit Do
End If
Loop While readable = 0
```
其中 `timeout` 是等待的时间,`readable` 是一个标志变量,表示是否有数据可以读取。
使用上述步骤,可以实现同步非阻塞方式接收 UDP 数据。需要注意的是,这是同步方式,即接收数据的代码会一直等待直到有数据可读取。如果需要异步方式接收数据,可以考虑使用 WINSOCK API 中的异步回调函数。
' 1在VB6中添加Winsock API声明;
' Winsock API常量
Private Const WSADESCRIPTION_LEN As Integer = 256
Private Const WSASYS_STATUS_LEN As Integer = 128
Private Const WSADATA_VERSION As Integer = &H202
' Winsock API数据类型
Private Type wsaData
wVersion As Integer
wHighVersion As Integer
szDescription(0 To WSADESCRIPTION_LEN) As Byte
szSystemStatus(0 To WSASYS_STATUS_LEN) As Byte
wMaxSockets As Integer
wMaxUDPDG As Integer
dwVendorInfo As Long
End Type
Private Type sockaddr_in
sin_family As Integer
sin_port As Integer
sin_addr As Long
sin_zero(0 To 7) As Byte
End Type
Private Declare Function WSAStartup Lib "wsock32.dll" (ByVal wVersionRequired As Long, lpWSAData As wsaData) As Long
Private Declare Function WSACleanup Lib "wsock32.dll" () As Long
Private Declare Function socket Lib "wsock32.dll" (ByVal af As Long, ByVal socktype As Long, ByVal protocol As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function bind Lib "wsock32.dll" (ByVal s As Long, addr As sockaddr_in, ByVal namelen As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function recvfrom Lib "wsock32.dll" (ByVal s As Long, buf As Any, ByVal len As Long, ByVal flags As Long, addr As sockaddr_in, addrlen As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function closesocket Lib "wsock32.dll" (ByVal s As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GetLastError Lib "kernel32" () As Long
' 2在Form_Load事件中初始化Winsock API:
Private Sub Form_Load()
Dim wsaData As wsaData
Dim result As Long
result = WSAStartup(WSADATA_VERSION, wsaData)
If result <> 0 Then
MsgBox "Winsock初始化失败:" & GetLastError
Exit Sub
End If
End Sub
' 3编写接收UDP数据的函数:
Private Function ReceiveUDPData(ByVal port As Integer) As String
Dim udpSocket As Long
Dim udpAddress As sockaddr_in
Dim buffer(0 To 255) As Byte
Dim bytesRead As Long
Dim result As Long
' 创建UDP套接字
udpSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
If udpSocket = -1 Then
MsgBox "无法创建UDP套接字:" & GetLastError
Exit Function
End If
' 绑定端口
udpAddress.sin_family = AF_INET
udpAddress.sin_port = htons(port)
udpAddress.sin_addr = INADDR_ANY
result = bind(udpSocket, udpAddress, LenB(udpAddress))
If result = -1 Then
MsgBox "无法绑定端口:" & GetLastError
closesocket udpSocket
Exit Function
End If
' 接收数据
bytesRead = recvfrom(udpSocket, buffer(0), UBound(buffer) + 1, 0, udpAddress, LenB(udpAddress))
If bytesRead = -1 Then
MsgBox "接收数据失败:" & GetLastError
closesocket udpSocket
Exit Function
End If
' 关闭套接字
closesocket udpSocket
ReceiveUDPData = Left$(buffer, bytesRead)
End Function
' 4在需要接收UDP数据的地方调用ReceiveUDPData函数即可:
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim data As String
data = ReceiveUDPData(1234)
MsgBox data
End Sub